École Nationale Supérieure de
Techniques Avancées

Résumé

The study of Synthetical Lethality on Human pairs of cells could represent a new way to treat cancer. In fact, by detecting which drug combination is the favorite to induce the death of a cell by inhibiting two specific genes, one could neutralize cancer cells at anystage of the disease. As studying Human cells can be considered as unethical, a comparison with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, a yeast which well-known genome has an complex internal similar to the Homo Sapiens, is in order. A first consideration will therefore include the search ofHomologous pairs between the two species. Moreover, the aim being to find a novel way of treatment, all drugs and not only well-known cancer drugs should be taken into account. Therefore, by using public drug databases, all pharmaceuticals known to target genes involved in Synthetically Lethal pairs will be part of the investigation. To give a more precise example of the process, the case of Melanoma will be studied. A Synthetically Lethal pairs includes two genes and, in most cases, two drugs to inhibit them. The examination of the effects of these two actors when mixed is therefore essential to decide whether the combination is acceptable or not. We will thus criticize the results of an experiment in which drugs are mixed up together to detect their individual consequence on a particular cell.