École Nationale Supérieure de
Techniques Avancées

Abstract

During this internship, I carried out an in-depth analysis of the prospects for intermediate vehicles (VELIs), an emerging category positioned between bicycles and conventional cars. After proposing a clear definition of this category, I highlighted their comparative advantages over traditional automobiles: their lighter weight reduces energy consumption, CO₂ emissions and resource use. These vehicles hold significant potential to limit Europe’s dependence on energy and mineral imports while contributing to climate objectives. I then assessed their potential to meet the mobility needs of Brussels residents and commuters from Flanders, drawing on existing survey data. The analysis shows that more than 82% of car trips made by Brussels residents could be carried out with intermediate vehicles. They therefore represent a credible alternative to cars for constrained trips. The study also examined professional uses, including public fleets, corporate fleets, service providers and car-sharing schemes. Finally, recommendations were developed to adapt the regulatory and fiscal framework, revise parking policies, and support the evolution of social perceptions. Based on several dozen interviews with public, private and civil society stakeholders, this work provides the BrusselsCapital Region with concrete levers to structure this sector and accelerate the transition towards a more sustainable, fair and resilient mobility system.