École Nationale Supérieure de
Techniques Avancées

Abstract

Electrical engineers need powerful numerical tools for the computation of electromagnetic forces, especially when to it comes to qualifying industrial devices such as power transformers or alternators. In a finite element framework, the virtual work principle is most relevant to derive electromagnetic forces. The present work is about improving the implementation of this principle within Code_Carmel, developed by EDF. Force calculation is extended to other elements than tetrahedrical and symmetry boundary conditions are taken into account. We further extend the calculation to multi-harmonic electromagnetic fields and non- linear magnetic behavior laws. In a second part, we deal with anisotropic magnetic behavior laws. We fully implement linear as well as non-linear anisotropic behavior laws. We also open the door to magneto-crystalline anisotropy, whose furture implementation will enable a comprehensive modelling of grain-oriented steels, which are widely used in construction of power transformers.